Automobile Engineering

The steering gear can be classified as under:-

· Worm and wheel.

· Worm and sector.

· Worm and roller.

· Screw and roller.

· Screw and nut.

· Cam and lever.

· Rack and pinion.

Worm and wheel: In this type of steering gear worm employed on the steering shaft drivers the toothed wheel. The toothed wheel is attached to the shaft which drivers the pitman arm.

v Worm and sector: In this type of steering gear, a toothed sector replaces the completed wheel.

v Worm and roller: here a roller is fitted at the drop arm shaft. When the worm moves along with the movement of steering wheel, the roller rides up and down in the worm giving a twist to the drop arm shaft which in turn moves the drop arm.

v Srew and nut: In this case, a screw replaces the worm on the steering shaft and a nut replaces the sector or wheel on the drop arm shaft. When the steering wheel is rotated, the nut rides up and down on the screw giving the required twist to the drop arm shaft.

v Cam and lever: In this type of steering gear, a helical grove around the steering shaft lower end, in lieu of worm or screw acts as a cam. The drop arm shaft contains one or two pegs which act as levers. As the steering shaft moves, the pegs at the drop arm shaft ride up and down the helical grove causing movement to the drop arm shaft.

Rack and pinion: In this design a pinion is employed at steering shaft in lieu of worm or screw. A rack is operated by the pinion resulting in change in the rotary motion of steering shaft to straight-line motion. In the modern design, the rack is connected in the centre by two halves of the tie rod

-: The steering system is composed of the following elements:-

· Steering.

· Steering linkages.

· Steering knuckle.

Ø Steering: It is mechanism which changes the direction of rotation of the steering shaft at right angles and provides a leverage or mechanical advantage between the steering wheel and the steering linkage.

Suspension System

Steering system: It is the system which provides directional change in the performance of an automobile. This system converts rotary movement of the steering wheel in to angular turn of the front wheels. It multiplies driver’s effort by mechanical advantage enabling him to turn the wheels easily.

Suspension And Steering System

-: Types of steering system: There are two types of steering system are as follows:-

1. Fifth wheel steering system.

2. Ackerman steering system.

1. Fifth wheel steering system: It is single pivot steering system in which the front axle along with the wheels, moves to right or left. The movement to the whole axle wheel

Assembly is affected by means of a steering and a wheel which is placed between the chassis frame and axle. The fifth wheel acts as turbulence. The axle assembly is connected with the frame by means of a pin which serves as a pivot around which the axle assembly moves. The fifth wheel contains a ring gear mounted at its rim and is moved by means of a steering. Movement of the steering wheel tends the front axle and wheel assembly the move away.

2. Ackerman steering system: It is double pivot steering system which was invented by lankensperger, a Munich carriage builder in 1817. The English patent on it was taken out by lankensperger’s agent. Rudolph Ackerman against whose name this system became popular.

This divide axle steering system works upon the Ackerman principle in which a line intersecting each steering king pin and tie rod end would intersect at or near the differential.